A view from the bridge is set in New York City in the 1950s. :: English Literature

A view from the bridge is set in New York City in the 1950s. Arthur Miller was born October seventeenth 1915 in New York City. His parentswere both immigrants in the United States and were originally fromSicily. Arthurs father had a successful business but it collapsed,along with the American economy as a whole,Following the Wall Street crash, as a result, Arthur had to work as awarehouseman in order to save his fees originally he was able to go toMichigan University in 1934 to study Economics and History. I call in hehas the same background The view from the bridge.A view from the bridge is set in New York City in the 1950s, with aSicilian background. Sicily is the home of all the characters which isan island in Italy. The characters change from old valet Sicily to newworld America in the agree. Sicily had been invaded a lot of times bydifferent countries, so this made the Sicilian people develop aculture of not talking or reporting to the authority, so the people ofSicily deal t with their own problems between their communities. Sicilywas a very poor country after ww2 because Italy scattered the war in 1948.A view from the bridge has a theme of old world Sicily and new worldAmerica, there is a lot of masculine and famine emotion between thecharacters. The characters brought their culture with them from Sicilyto America and one of their main rules never to broken is dont snitchto authority, the worst crime a Sicilian can do is snitch to theauthority and Sicilians either kill the person for snitching orreject the person from the Sicilian community. I think the daybookevolved around the Sicilian culture. Incest is another theme of thebook because Rodolfo and Catherine are in respect even do there cousins ,Eddie began to get attracted to Catherine who was his niece andother themes in this book is obsession, desire and control.Beatrice meant a lot at first to Eddie but when he was starting toloose Catherine, Beatrice knew that Eddie is attracted to Catherin e ina different way from just family love but loved her in a sexual way Ithink Beatrice became jealous of Catherine because Eddie was playingmore attention to Catherine and forgot all about her, I think this challenged Eddies masculinity because he wasntperforming in bed and controlling his marriage like a masculine manshould do.I think the most dramatic scenes in the play is when Eddiesmasculinity is challenged and the Sicilian way of life is being

Essay --

Out of the many experiments being conducted, I have the pleasure of introducing a layered density column to the class. Density is defined as mass divided by volume or the amount of stuff in a certain amount of space. Composed of many different house products (vegetable oil, rubbing alcohol, and even water), density columns present different layers through the masses of each liquid. These columns can contain as many products the experimenter desires. The liquids chosen that have a higher density tend to weigh more, unlike those that weigh less and float to the top if poured into the column. Along with the liquids chosen objects can be placed into the column, and and then we would be able to see how each layer has an effect on the objects. For my lab experiment, I will be using 7 products throughout my demonstration. I could use as many products that I want, however 7 is a common amount to start with. Every product will be deliberate according to the amount that the cup can hold. To conduct my experiment, I will be pouring the products into 2 ounce cups and will construct the column th...

The Microcomputer :: essays research papers

In a sense computers have been around for centuries. The abacus, a counting machine, was invented by the Chinese sometime between 500 and cd BC. The numeral zero was first recognized and written by Hindus in 650 AD, without which written calculations would be impossible. In 1623 the great grandfather of the central processor was born, the calculating clock. Wilhelm Schickard of Germany invented this adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing machine based on the principle of algorithms. For the next three hundred years or so various machines were invented which could perform calculations but no(prenominal) were any vast improvement over Shickards clock, perhaps with the exception of Babbages punch card machine in 1832 (it was never finished). 1910 marked peerless of the most important times in the history of the computer with the invention of the first electrical automatic computing machine, the Z1, designed by Konrad Zuse in Germany. at last after three hundred years there was an advance worth writing home about, but the German government had no time for such things as WW1 began to rage through Europe, so sadly Zuses machine was also never completed. Nevertheless the idea had caught on, and the true father of digital computing, Alan Turing, authentic the Colossus, a machine which could decipher code. Alan went on to write essays on the subject of artificial intelligence and began a revolution the likes of which would change the world. Turings works are still referred to by computer scientists today.Finally in 1945 the first computer as we know it today was completed, ENIAC as it was called could perform calculations in hours which would take a human years to finish. ENIAC had plenty of drawbacks though, first and foremost its size, and secondly the 18,000 tubes it took to run it. ENIAC and UNIVAC, which came shortly after, were indisputably the greatest advances in technology of all time, but they were still ineffective to the mass majority due t o size, cost and time of construction. The invention of the transistor in 1947 solved this problem for the most part, allowing computers to become smaller and more reliable. and alas due to the cost only the largest of private companies and governments could use the machines. By 1964 this had changed, International Business Machines or IBM as we know them today introduced the system 360 mainframe, a solid state semi portable computer which could handle many types of data and allowed many conventional businesses to enter the computer age.

Ethics in Criminal Justice Professions Essay -- Criminal Justice Ethic

Criminal Justice professionals make decisions everyday and they waste to be able to recognize when an issue involves ethical considerations. Therefore, in order to recognize these issues and make appropriate and correct decisions, it is important that the criminal legal expert professional study ethics. In order to make a advantageously ethical decision the professional will have to have the ability to apply chouseledge of ethics, know the ethical terminology and the concepts needed in devising a good ethical decision. Criminal Justice professionals are in positions of power and manipulation power and authority over others. Therefore, it is important for them to study ethics because they must be aware of the ethical standards needed in making critical decisions involving discretion, force, and due process. It is also a fact that criminal justice professionals who exercise power and authority over others can be tempted to abuse their powers. constabulary decisions can affect l ife, liberty, and property, and as guardians of the interests of the public, police must maintain high standards of integrity. Police discretion concerning how to act in a given situation can often lead to ethical misconduct (Banks 29).It is also important for criminal justice professionals to study ethics, as ethics is important in criminal justice policy making. These professionals are in a position to make choices and analyze options in order to make decisions that affects the lives of many people. Professionals who formulate policies should act ethically and they have to realize the ethical responsibility in making policies especially when it comes to punishment.These professionals need to know how unethical and ethical policy-making decisions differ in how it affects those ... ...f nothing and therefore ethics cannot be taught, but since 99.9 percent of business and criminal justice professionals have a conscience, it is possible to teach and learn ethics (Perry). Works CitedB anks, Cyndi. Criminal Justice Ethics Theory and Practice. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks Sage, 2009. Print.Felkenes, George. Ethics in the receive Criminal Justice Curriculum. Teaching Philosophy 10. (1987) 23-26. eBook.Mills, Karen. Can Ethics be Taught? Oct. 2010. Arizona Department of Transportation. 02 Dec. 2010 .Perry, David L. Can patronage Ethics Be Taught? Mar. 1994. Teaching Business Ethics. 03 Dec. 2010. .Pollock, Joycelyn M. Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice. Belmont Wadsworth, 2010. Print.

How Flexible is the Brains Circuitry? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

How Flexible is the Brains Circuitry?The wit is a complicated organ, containing an estimated 100 billion neurons and around 1,000 to 10,000 synapses for each of those neurons (1). This organ has the great obligation of not only controlling and regulating the functions of the body but also sensing and perceiving the world around it. In humans, it is what we believe makes us the highly adaptive and intelligent organisms that we are, as well as give us our individuality. But with so many parts and connections to it, what happens when the brains delicate circuitry is disrupted? Weve all heard of brain damage, and its horrible results, whether is a news report on TV or science books. It seems that with trauma, disruption of blood supply, and disease neurons and their connections could be destroyed and the organisms behavior super affected. Yet Ive read about how people have overcome tremendous damage to their brains and gone on to function with very minimal handicaps. In basal biology , we are all taught that cells in our body go through systems that replaces old, worn out cells with new cells. Most cell types go through programmed cell death, or PCD, but there was always an exception in the neuron very early in mammalian development, neurons stop growing (4). PCD would be disastrous, as the scummy neurons would never be replaced. Since we need all our neurons and their connections to function, how do individuals with damage to both these neurons and connections survive, much less functioning within any definition of normality? later all, remove a few chips from a computers motherboard and you wont have functioning computer. Yet there are children living their lives with only half their brains intact One of the or so memorable case studies I read about in high school psychology was the procedure of removing large portions, sometime half the brain, to treat unripened children with epileptic seizures. This procedure, called hemi-spherectomy, was developed in th e 1920s but rarely performed due to complications (8). With the advances in medicine today, it has become a more common practice in manipulation severe epilepsy. At first, though the procedure was expected to stop the seizures, doctors did not expect these children to ever function normally. After all, with so much of the brain missing, it is terrible to expect much of the mental functions of these children. Surprisingly, these children often retained much of their personality, memories and sense humor (8), awing their doctors with the flexibility of the brains to adjust after such invasive surgery.

Criticism of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Past and Present Ess

Criticism of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Past and Present The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the all-time most controversial American novels. Marks bracings masterpiece, narrated by a intractable boy who rafts down the Mississippi river with a runaway slave, has received a wide variety of kudos and criticism since it first appeared in 1885. enchantment it is still applauded for its childlike imagination and realistic use of dialogue, the criticisms of Huck Finn have undergone a drastic shift. Upon its initial release, Huck Finn was blasted by some critics for indecency. They argued that Twains story, like dime novels, would influence young readers to forbid their parents and teachers just as Huck does Miss Watson. The city of Concord, RI was perhaps the most stringent in its reaction to Huck Finn, banning the book completely from library shelves. In a telling March 18, 1885 article, the New York Herald reported on this censorship. The reasons for the banning, pr ovided by the Concord Library Committee, include opinions that the book is absolutely ...

Criticism of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Past and Present Ess

Criticism of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Past and Present The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the all-time most controversial American novels. Marks couplings masterpiece, narrated by a insubordinate boy who rafts down the Mississippi river with a runaway slave, has received a wide variety of kudos and criticism since it first appeared in 1885. plot of ground it is still applauded for its childlike imagination and realistic use of dialogue, the criticisms of Huck Finn have undergone a drastic shift. Upon its initial release, Huck Finn was blasted by some critics for indecency. They argued that Twains story, like dime novels, would influence young readers to forbid their parents and teachers just as Huck does Miss Watson. The city of Concord, RI was perhaps the most stringent in its reaction to Huck Finn, banning the book completely from library shelves. In a telling March 18, 1885 article, the New York Herald reported on this censorship. The reasons for the banni ng, provided by the Concord Library Committee, include opinions that the book is absolutely ...

Hdfc Bank Credit Cards

Contents TOPIC STUDY OF HDFC BANK CREDIT CARDS TOWARDS CUSTOMER1 1. mise en scene /Background3 2. Summary and literature follow-up4 3. Questions and hypotheses and undecomposedification6 4. Summary of method7 4. 1Research instruments7 5. Ethics and Safety Requirements8 6. Limitations9 7. Implications10 8. Research Timetable11 9. References12 STUDY OF HDFC BANK CREDIT CARDS TOWARDS CUSTOMER 1. Context /Background Ho exploitation Development Finance Corporation blaspheme of India was incorporated in the year in August 1994 after the changes that were do by prevail Bank of India, which is by allowing for the establishment of private sector intrusts in India.This is an assignment do on the sales of the coin bank assurance teases because this is a coarse subject that is to be study in a coun exertion man take off along with India. India is a large country with diversities, so the client interaction with be diametric in each and e rattling rank, that whitethorn be the lan guage, environmental instruments etc. According to my ingest I would equivalent to suggest that the industries go through shorten phases like introduction, growth, maturity and declines. But these may vary from nonpargonil stick to another comparatively on interceptions and interpretations. In India there a various banks like public sector and private sector banks.And today the private sector banks atomic number 18 giving a tough fight for the public sector banks so called government banks. So considering all these factors I would like to discuss the topic denotation tantalises of HDFC Bank Ltd because there is a tough competition and in this competitive situation how the customers can be satisfied with the bank. In todays world of competition customer is the supreme for the bank so customer service and customer satisfaction are the main areas were the concentration is to be made. HDFC Bank ltd has got various types of point of reference cards for several(predicate) con sumers.It has made a actually good mart catching plan by introducing opposite types of cards to different types of customers like for working kinsperson, business class and special cards for women. The different types of cards that they fuddle introduced are like Gold Credit Card, Womens Gold Credit Card, line Gold Credit Card, Titanium Credit Card, Business Platinum Card, Platinum Chip Credit Card all these are regular card and there are premium cards like reality Master Credit Card, Visa Signature Credit Card and similarly there are Super Premium cards like Infinia and Regalia cards.All the supra mentioned cards are of different ascribe limit. All these cards are given to the consumers harmonize to their bank transactions ant measured value of customers according to their efficiency so all types of customer tie the privilege of using credit card. In India use of credit card is a privilege. So the HDFC Bank ltd aiming this point of view of customers they have satisfied the needs of customers according to the customer wants. In my playing field ill pass on show closely the HDFC Bank and their lineament towards customers. 2. Summary and literature reviewI will be showing in this vignette of HDFC Credit Card towards customers as they have many positive and few prejudicious things towards the usage of credit card. There are three factors of customers that i have taken into friendship that is satisfaction of customer, aegis and wages default of customer. In this study I have a personal experience with the sales of HDFC Credit Cards so that I kip down what the customer prefer what are their needs, i have a basic practical research on this. And also in my study i have through a review of different people what is their opinion about credit card towards customers.There is a lot of study made by various people in the literature review and tried to prove various points like why people start using credit cards by Berthoud and Kempson in 1992, Lea, Webly and Levine in 1993, Lea, Webly and Walker in 1995, Livingstone and Lunt in1992, Tokunaga in 1993, Kaynak and Harcar in 2001. all these people have made an enormous focusings of study in credit and customers. In one of the study referred in that Tokunaga in 1993 tried to prove himself by obtainting involved in profile individuals who are using credit cards and also the think problems of it approach by the customers.He made a detail study that whether the consumers are able to use or not efficient to use consumer credit card efficaciously and in his theory he made a research on consumer behaviour, psychology and substance abuse. He came to know from the study that abortive users appeared to have more than(prenominal) external locus of control, lower self efficiency, considered money as a spring of power and prestige. Cox and Jappelli in 1993 initiated that the demand of credit card positively related to permanent earnings and net worth and negatively related to income and age. Duca and Rosenthal in 1993 in their search recognizes that the credit demand of young households is positively related to wealth, income and household size. Calem and Mester in 1995 in their study they investigated the circumstances of the people whether they have the efficiency of paying their credit card debts and they recognized that the card holders with a very(prenominal) high unpaid due or debts had a higher probability of payment default. One of the study made by Ankara Chamber of physician (ATO) in this study unimpeded that what the consumers offers for the credit cards? ,it was designed to find that the number credit card a holder having, the interest rates, amount of the card debts of the consumers, expenses that have been made by the credit card and the problems that have been caused by the use of credit cards. Slocum and Mathews in 1970 made a test that whether social class and income class can be considered as indicators of consumer behaviour by using the data that i s obtained from nearly 2,032 commercial bank credit card holders in USA.In their study they observed that people of various segments gave their views as different credit card using patterns, and they found that the social class is not the most useful market segmentation variable for the credit card behaviour of consumers and came to a conclusion that the income level is better indicator of consumer card behaviour than social class. Again in 1969 Mathews and Slocum in their study found that the card holders who have low income and socio economic status used credit cards to spawn revolving credit more habitually than the affluent and elevated class card holders.Ankara Chamber of Commerce says that according to their survey results that 70. 6% of the card holders will be using more than one credit card, 50. 3% of the people have the difficulty in the payment of credit card bills, 24. 2%of the people paid their all debts every(prenominal) month and 25% of the people did not even bothe r of repaying the amount. According to the Novilities et al of 2003 there are inconsistent conclusions in the literature about the effect of psychological factors cause a creation of debt.Some of the studies come to a conclusion that people with outsized amount of personal debt are not demographically different from others. For instance, Livingston and Lunt in 1992 instituted that the debt is normal among individuals with high income and less children. In 1993 Lea et al. studied that the serious debtors are varied from the non-debtors in terms of sociological, economical and psychological variables and gentle debtors are broadly intermediate between the two.Ausubal in 1997 and Domowitz and Sartain in 1999 instituted that there is a positive relationship between credit cards and personal bankruptcy. Warren-Tyagi in 2003 in his study he says that credit cards provide temporary opportunities for the people to continue their life values when their income is not sufficient. It is like they want to go above their limits to get the needs that are not necessary. In one of the study made by Ahuja G and Singh in 2006, according to them the perceptions of nearly 160 customers of a place in usage of credit cards especially their growth of India.They say that 2/3rd of males and 1/3rd females use credit cards. People of age 40-50 years are the people who make more usage. Majority of the card holders are business man or serviceman. The whole study says that the bank should try to give equivalent attention to female consumers with most special offers and benefits. According to Saha p and Zhao Y in 2005 they analyzed that the relationship between service and customer satisfaction in credit cards are mainly of five service dimensions selected by them.Their survey says that efficiency, reliability, responsiveness, fulfilment, privacy, communication, personalization, technology update are the main factors for the customers. These have a strong impact on customer satisfaction. Here in above instances we are aware of different people given different interpretations, ideas, views regarding credit cards. Here in my study I have taken three major factors into consideration that is satisfaction of the customer, payment default of the customer and the security of the credit card.Satisfaction of customers is how the customers are going to be satisfied with the product which is given by the bank. Paymentdefault is a major problem for the bank and also the customers the study is also made on this as key factor and security which each and every customer are find that as a very important factor because they ingest safety for their money and the credit card which may cause for the misappropriation of the account if lost or mishandled. All these factors are also studied with hypothesis below. 3. Questions and hypotheses and justificationQuestions 1. RQ1 Does the customers satisfaction affect credit cards? 2. RQ2 Is there any payment default? 3. RQ3 Do the customers h ave security for their credit card? SATISFACTION RQ 1 PAYMENT DEFAULT RQ 2 HDFC CREDIT CARDS RQ 3 SECURITY RQ1 HDFC Bank is a customer friendly bank and it try to have a good relationship with the customers by giving good service RQ2 Bank sees that there will be no more payment default and so that it will help the customer and the customer will have satisfaction with the service of the Bank.RQ3Bank gives security to each and every customer of the bank it is like the credit customer credit card is the credit card of the bank so that it will be taken finagle of it so that there will be no misappropriation. 4. Summary of method In my study i can say that the customers bearing towards HDFC Bank credit card services was eloquent in nature. According to my secondary data study collected by me I would like to say that regarding the satisfaction, customer default and security collected the data feedback from the people to whom I have issued credit cards and use to have a discussion with t hem about the usage of the card.This was done in order to beneficialy understand the existing banking scenario of the banking services. Firstly regarding satisfaction of customer is yes most of the customers preferably the working class like the customers who work in companies and the companies will have tie up with the bank, in that the companies are graded and according to the grade of the company, the type of credit which the customer require will be given. So the customers of this kind are preferably more in the bank avoiding to my observance so these customers have good satisfaction.But there are instances where customers are not having a great satisfaction with the bank credit card. This is because of just about there is some mishandling with the customers because they dont use the credit card as per the guidelines, rules and regulations given by the bank. Even bank has got some drawbacks because the credit card is been sold out by the credit card sales representatives, so t hese so representatives dont explain the customer systematically in a eager that they got a customer and the representatives will be in the entirely view of completing their target with the given data.I have made few discussions with customers to whom i have issued to get the feedback of the service given by the Bank and by myself. 4. 1Research instruments Discussion Direct discussion with the customer when he visited the bank for the payment of the credit card bill or by a telephone call after the credit card is issued. Geographical coverage This study is taken on the customers of HDFC Bank customers. And the customers were from various places who had come for the sake of job.Place where I made my study is in India, Karnataka state, Mangalore. In my study i also found about the payment default of the customers due to various reasons that is Late payment This is a major mistake what the employees do, as soon as they get the bill they keep aside then forget to pay or just neglect it and due to this the bank will levy high charges because of the due of the bill. Then the customers start blaming the bank that the bank has unnecessarily levied high charges.Unwanted swiping Customers once they get a credit card first they start is swiping everywhere for things which not required and the bank put sur charges for the swipes made which the customers some time wint be aware of that then later the customer will blame the bank. So the bank has taken some precautions for this by giving some facilities like regular messages to the mobile phone, mailing the customer and also the customer can enquire through customer care centre. Security Customers in India are very careful when their using such kind of facility.They will be having lot of enquiries regarding the usage of credit card. They also prefer the card to be secured surcharge that if lost also any one should not be able to misuse it. So the banks give a pin or a security code to the customer and also insurance faci lity with the credit card. And if the card is lost and misused by any one the customer will get an alert on his cell or to his mail saying that the card is being swiped. So that he will come to know that if he is using or someone else if using. 5. Ethics and Safety RequirementsWhile conducting my research i have taken into consideration that some kind of morals and safety requirements are followed that are necessary. All the data which I have collected and presented is authentic one. All the research methods which have done is where other researchers have done in their study and I am going to use the method which the researchs have used in their early research study. Some of the ethics to be followed are Understand would like to make the reader understand what is the research is made on. I have used the language in the way that is simple so that any reader can understand and find it easy.Disclosure All the data which has been given in this research will have full authenticity. All the data and all the information given will be expose despite of being positive or negative in nature. mobilize about the data when the research is yet to begin would be wrong if the data used is not proper in nature. To avoid this data will be re analysed before the study begins so that there will be a proper, supportive good data disclosed. Limits of internet it would be unethical if the data that is apply in the research made by me would be abstracted directly from the internet and disclosed.All the literature and the data will be disclosed taken from internet and checking its authentication and researcher who has done before as the primary research. 6. Limitations 1. The study which i have made on is restricted to the customers of the place Mangalore and it was only about the bank which I was working. 2. There was a lack of co-operation from the customers side to give the required information to know or get back the feedback of the customer. 3. The study was restricted to on ly Mangalore. Hence caution need to be exercised in generalizing the results of the study. 4.The availability of time to carry out an boilers suit exhaustive study was not enough to gather the complete scenario. 5. In between the work load of the bank the study was conducted so factors may be missed out. 6. There is still study to made on this but due to the time shortage only few things are taken into consideration in my study 7. In some instances the customers are satisfied with the HDFC Bank and the services but in some cases customers are not satisfied with some factors. 8. Only around 50 % of the customers are satisfied with the interest rate on credit card purchase.Most of them believe that the researcher must be animated to provide some variety of compensation or benefits on the respond because interaction has sacrificed time and may even incur transportation cost to get into in the collection of data. Such responses should be restricted only to the non-financial such as t he sharing of the data collection, results etc. 7. Implications The outcome of this research will let us know the customers if the bank better and the customer will come to know about some of the basic things of the bank credit cards.From this study I would prefer to say that the HDFC Bank should concentrate on the study of the customer card department of HDFC Bank and the credit card section should be in a position to direct the customers in all transactions and credit card queries. There should be a quick processing of the applications when an applicant is applied for credit card. There should be security for the credit cards that which has got a advanced technology so there no chance of misappropriation without the cognition of the customer.The surcharge and other hidden charges that the bank will be charging on the customer should be informed properly to the customers. The message of the bill should be reached to the customers in time and the bank should keep a good friendly rel ationship with the customer and suggest the customer to pay the bill in time and also try to convince the customer if there is any pending of the bill to make the payment but convincing the customer in a very polite systematic way that the customer is satisfied with bank and do the payment which will be helpful for the customer as well as the bank.The sales representatives should give a clear picture or idea to their customers about the credit card services and all the queries. The research is based on the study made in a place called Mangalore of only one branch of the bank. Thought there are certain limitations feel that justice has been made to the subject and an attempt is made to present an overall picture about the banking experience in HDFC Bank. By conducting this study i would feel that the Bank may go for further improvements in the credit card section in their upcoming days so that it will be favourable to the customers and the bank.The success of the bank depends on the extent to which they are able to sustain the competitive advantages. The bank should also do such kind of studies so that it will come to know the customers wants and needs. 8. Research Timetable TIME FRAME MILESTONE 20 JUNE 2012 Selection of assignment topic 22 JUNE 2012 Enquire with the supervisor can the study be done or not 25 JUNE 2012 Start with the topic 26 JUNE 2012 to 27 JUNE Context 28 JUNE 2012 Summary of literature review 9 JUNE 2012 Questions and hypotheses and justification 30 JUNE 2012 Summary of the method, ethics and safety requirements, limitations 1 JULY 2012 Implications 9. References Mehta, Subhash, India Consumer Behaviour, Studies and case for Marketing Divisions, 1997 Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. , Ltd. , New Delhi. Kotari C. R, Research Methodology Wiley Eastern Ltd. , New Delhi Jean capital of South Dakota Jeannet, Hubbert D. Hannessey, Global Marketing Strategies, 2nd edition, Jaico Publishing House, New Delhi, 1999. Journals,publications,magazines an d websitesSurvey of India Industry 2005, The Hindu. Goyal, A. 2004. Role of Supplementary Services in the Purchase of Credit Card Services in India. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 16(4) 36 Lee, J. , & Kwon, K. -N. 2002. Consumers use of credit cards Store credit card usage as an alternative payment and financial backing medium. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 36(2) 239. Sulaiti, K. A. , Ahmed, Z. U. , Beldona, S. 2006. Arab Consumers Behavior Towards Credit Card Usage A Comparative Analysis of Consumers Across Middle Eastern Countries. Journal of T Adcock, W.O. , E. C. Hirschman and J. C. Goldstucker (1977). Bank credit card users an updated profile Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 4, pp. 236-241ransnational Management, 12(1) 65 Ausubel, L,M. (1997), Credit card default, credit card profits and bankruptcy, American Bankruptcy Law Journal, Vol. 71, pp. 249-270 Dunn, L. F. and Kim, T. H. (1999), An empirical investigation of credit card default, Working Paper, Ohio State University www. www. sebi. gov. in/dep/dcbdraft. pdf ezineartticles. com/online-credit-card-payment-service-HDFC-Anyone? &id=6907353 ttp//article. wn. com/view/2012/07/01/HDFC_Bank_aims_one_million_new_credit_cards_in_201213/ Credit Card Research Group (2001), Statistical Yearbook, Credit Card Research Group, London. Mackintosh, J (2001), The Financial Times, pp. 4. Horne, S, Worthington, S. (1999), The affinity credit card relationship can it really be mutually be Worthington, S (1999), The plastic card and its role in customer relationship management, Customer Relationship Management, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp. 199-20. neficial? , Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 15 No. 7, pp. 603-1 ***

Gitanjali: Rabindranath Tagore Essay

Gitanjali is a collection of 103 Bengali poems which were translated to several languages like in English, and other European languages. The marrow of the term explains the nature of the book. Gitanjali, the term comes the merger of two words git and anjali, git means tune and anjali means offering. Therefore, it means Songs of Offerings. Gitanjali is a book to smell out and cherish, the greatest book of a great writer. Tagore wrote poems for various moods, be it love ,devotion, stories, sorrow, joy even realism.Rabindranath Tagore has provided westerly culture with strong example of Eastern ism in both prose and poetry. Tagore had written his Gitanjali (song offerings) in Bengali, and after he learned from William Rothenstein of Western interest in them, he translated them into English. Chiefly for this volume, Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913, the same year that Macmillan brought out a hard-cover copy of his prose translations of Gitanjali.This poem sh ows the charm of humbleness it is a prayer to help the poet open his look to the noble dear(p) without extraneous words or gestures. A vain poet would produce vain poetry, so this poet wants to be open to the simple humility of truth that only the Divine Beloved tooshie afford him. As Yeats says, these songs grow out of culture in which art and religion are the same, so it is not surprising that we stupefy our offerer of songs speaking to God in song after song, as is the case in 7.And the last line in song 7 is a subtleor perhaps not so subtleallusion to Bhagavan Krishna. According the Paramahansa Yogananda, Krishna is shown in Hindu art with a flute glass on it he plays the enrapturing song that recalls to their true home the human souls wandering in delusion. W. B. Yeats, in the introduction to Tagores Gitanjali, writes that this volume has stirred my blood as nothing has for years . . . . He explains, These lyrics . . . display in their thought a world I have dreamed of a ll my life long. Then Yeats describes the Indian culture that he feels is responsible for(p) for producing this remarkable work The work of a supreme culture, they yet appear as much the growth of the common soil as the grass and the rushes. A tradition, where poetry and religion are the same thing, has passed through the centuries, gathering from learned and unlearned metaphor and emotion, and carried back again to the multitude the thought of the scholar and of the noble. He contrasts the art of his own culture If our life was not a continual warfare, we would not have taste, we would not know what is good, we would not find hearers and readers. Four-fifths of our energy is spent in this quarrel with bad taste, whether in our own minds or in the minds of others. Yeats might seem harsh in his assessment of his own cultures motivation to art, but, no doubt, he has correctly identified the mood of his era.Yeats having been born of Western culture, his birth dates are famous as the markers of two horrendous Western wars 1865 and 1939. So his rough estimate of the artists being motivated by warfare is quite understandable. On the other hand, his assessment of Tagores achievement is accurate. As Yeats tells us, Tagores songs are not only respected and admired by the scholarly class, but also they are sung in the fields by peasants.Yeats would neer have expected his own poetry to be accept by such a wide spectrum of the population. My favorite Gitanjali poem (song offering) is 7 My song has gravel off her adornments. She has no pride of dress and decoration. Ornaments would mar our union. They would come between thee and me. Their jingling would swim thy whispers. My poets vanity dies in shame before thy sight. O Master Poet, I have sat down at thy feet.Only let me ingest my life simple and straight like a flute of reed for thee to fill with music. Gitanjali poem 7 My song has put off her adornments. She has no pride of dress and decoration. Ornaments would mar our union. They would come between thee and me. Their jingling would drown thy whispers. My poets vanity dies in shame before thy sight. O Master Poet, I have sat down at thy feet. Only let me make my life simple and straight like a flute of reed for thee to fill with music.These words are metaphysical yet have a sightly message hidden. A message that is subtle yet clear. It says that love is liberated from all the social constraints sodding(a) feelings. It is a free bird just in need of communion. Human love and celestial love are brought parallel like Jayadeva does in his GeetGovind. Vaishnavs like Jayadeva derived inspiration from Lord Vishnu and his most admired avatar, Krishna.But, Tagore proverb elements of similarity between human and celestial love in the Baul community of Bengal and translated them into his poetry. I feel that literature like this binds the whole country into unrivaled, highlighting pure emotions like love. The universal yet multiple culture of our country is displayed in this beautiful string of songs as one, the universality lying in emotions and the multiplicity in the many types of cultures.This string is not that of pearls or stones but of love and one that brings us closer to divine. Tagore, like Chaucers forerunners, writes music for his words, and one understands at each moment that he is so abundant, so spontaneous, so daring in his passion, so full of surprise, because he is doing something which has never seemed strange, unnatural, or in need of defence.These verses depart not lie in little well-printed books upon ladies tables, who turn the pages with indolent hands that they may sigh over a life without meaning, which is yet all they can know of life, or be carried by students at the university to be laid aside when the work of life begins, but, as the generations pass, travellers will hum them on the thoroughfare and men rowing upon the rivers.Lovers, while they await one another, shall find, in murmuring them , this love of God a magic gulf wherein their own more acetous passion may bathe and renew its youth. At every moment the heart of this poet flows outward to these without derogation or condescension, for it has known that they will understand and it has change itself with the circumstance of their lives.The traveller in the read-brown clothes that he wears that dust may not show upon him, the girl searching in her bed for the petals fallen from the chaplet of her royal lover, the servant or the bride awaiting the masters home-coming in the empty house, are images of the heart turning to God.Flowers and rivers, the blowing of conch shells, the heavy rain of the Indian July, or the moods of that heart in union or in separation and a man sitting in a boat upon a river playing lute, like one of those figures full of mysterious meaning in a Chinese picture, is God Himself.A whole people, a whole civilization, immeasurably strange to us, seems to have been interpreted up into this ima gination and yet we are not moved because of its strangeness, but because we have met our own image, as though we had walked in Rossettis willow wood, or heard, perhaps for the first time in literature, our voice as in a dream.REFERENCE1. Rabindranath Tagore. Gitanjali. Electronic text center. University of Virginia .

Effect of Globalization on Media Essay

The globalization since it in like mannerk over the whole world in its vintage has given upstart dimensions and shape to varying aspects of Media in its whole vicissitude. As transnational in character, media has crossed all the ethnic and political boundaries to reach the world reference with depth in dimensions in the shape, saying and pattern of various programs. These intercontinental and transnational media outlets pay back posed challenges to the boundaries, questioned the territorial integrity and given shape to the media spaces.When m any of the media markets all over the world got saturated, the media companies began to look at the global market place to earn revenues for their own firms and industries and global references be kept in mind while gene military rank media content. As the accounting and regulative structures differ in different countries and there is no reliable global financial data, it presented challenge before the media sparing researchers. The c ompanies argon competing in the global as well as in the domestic market to gain a maximum sh atomic number 18 of audience and advertisers revenue.The whole gamut of programs seems to be seen as the representation of commercial message-grade interests of the bureaucratic elite and rich at the expense of general opinion and democracy. Views and opinions of the people to create their settle on the masses diminish when large media fermenters do not hold themselves accountable to the state regulations. In other words, globalization has become an issue of privatization. Big market players are using the media to gain their commercial endeavors in the form of advertisements.In his Preface to The Codes of Advertising Sut Jhally said, The symbolic dimensions of needing and culture and the sparing dynamic of capital accumulation are symbiotically intertwined in the new communication age of advanced capitalism. (1990) Here the advertisements act as the modern mediators between the end c onsumers and big conglomerates. Shoe taker and Mayfield (1987), for instance, underlined the view that Sources of finance like advertisers are generally strongly influential on all aspects of crudes returnion and that a funders ideology is likely to cook an ultimate effect on editorials decisions relevant to this ideology.(McQual 1992 113) Most of the media content also depends on the advertisers will, their commercial propositions and their market position. The advertisers offer the contents, which are friendly to the audiences and cater to their taste and liking. For e. g. tv set soap operas function as advertisements aiming at attracting audiences to stay in tune. The scriptwriters in soaps use the strategies in their writing to keep the viewers on hold.An advertising diligence has come under heavy criticism among groups such as Adbursters who accused industry of becoming a powered engine of intimately complex economic production system. Suggestions are macrocosm forwarde d by many public interest groups to tax advertisers for their continuous intrusion in the mental space of audiences. The advertisers too are indirectly dependent on the changes in the demographical set up and society in its various shape and magnitude creating tremendous impact on the focal point media industries capture the moods of the their audiences.They have an insatiable appetite for media related content and services and as people live longer and obtain more discretionary income, outlay on media will likely rise. These shifts in audience composition and makeup will present new pressures on media firms to develop content that will compendium to these unique and differing audiences. (Downing, McQuail, Wartella & Schlesinger 2004 299) Graham Murdock treats advertising more as a cultural and tender phenomenon rather than economical. (Jhally, 1990 3). alone the social influence is only a little stroke in a big game of Media players. For the New York Times and other companies associated with Media, as said by Naom Chowsky, the products are audiences, and customers as corporate advertisers. The product of New York Times is the paper itself audiences buy and it becomes an discipline for advertisers and therefore for them, the audiences that buy the products themselves become products for advertisers and it is the advertisers that bring in revenue for the companies. (Shah 2008 online).It would be most appropriate to reference point that advertising is a Superstructural facade (Jenks 2004 299) as they just not only are the expressions of capitalism but also produces and reproduces it. Advertising has reduced the concept of public opinion to cherish the desire of acquiring capital rather than fulfillment of personal desire. In the words of Marx, In bourgeois society the commodity-form of the product of attention or the value-form of the commodity is the economic cell-form. (Jenks 2004 299) Audiences too reciprocate the same fashion. A certain kind of close relationship is developed between audiences and advertisers.Advertisers have created an count on a global way making social relation, as a form of commodity yet creating an incredible influence on the ideological light of someoneism and consumerism. And in this atmo playing field, political economy too is opening only a new door on the old platform- a typical property of capitalistic society, whereas the content of media is being modified to keep to the capitalist standard. There is a whole new concept of audience ratings, used by the media companies to make the political platforms of their programs schedule and for studying the success rate of programs and media products.Government agencies, Government authorities and public service media organizations act as basis for making adequate economic decisions, endorsing regulations, and restrainling the mass communications. Audience ratings are merged with research and also used by advertisers as tools to identify their targe t audience and prepare media plan accordingly. But these rating systems are being criticized on the ground as said by Liina Puustinen in her working paper on The Age of Consumer audience that they do not give an adequate image of the consumers and audiences, and they objectify people into numbers and faceless masses.(Puustinen 2006 Online edition). Number of theories, like audience loose theories have been propounded to reflect the attitude and perceiving nature of mass audiences, which are contradictory to the rating systems. The rating system only give information of how many people have watched any particular program or advertisement but not how they perceived the program and what value they give to it, therefore the theories rightly said that the rating systems do not accurately represent audience satisfaction.Hypodermic Needle Model states that the media players make the contents of any program, idea or information assume into the consciousness of the people. In other words, audiences are manipulated to the ideologies and thinking of the creator of media product. Hans Robert Jauss and Wolfgang Iser developed the Reception theory by studying the peoples attitude and their receptive tendencies toward programs. The theory delves on the way people adapt to various programs and play their role in actual analyzing of the text.Another theory Culmination theory too deepens down the audience approach on the sensitivity of the programs. If they watch too much of the vehemence, they would in the years to come make you less sensitive towards violence in the same way if violence towards women are watched on year to year basis then it would make you ultimately less insensitive towards the issue. The audience receptive theory deepens down to the study of the psychological patterns of the audiences and how they reciprocate and adopt the programs and how the media players mould the sensitivity of the audiences to receive what they show.Some critics state that these the ories are only base on their preconceived notions and assumptions. For example in 1930s one of the advertising executive said some radio audiences The typical listening audience for a radio program is a tired, bored, middle-aged man and woman whose lives are empty and who have exhausted their sources of outside amusement when they have taken a quick look at an evening paper. Radio provides a vast source of delight and entertainment for the barren lives of the millions. (Media studies Online)It is not just about radio audiences, but we can hear about it for several soap operas or quiz shows. Every human being has his tastes, liking and his own way of perceiving the things. Some may be critical and some may be appreciative. In this scenario, it is the way media players reach their target audience becomes the whole crux of their strategies and plans of their programs. To realize the right audience at the right time, right moment and right situation is the motive of media players ar ound which the whole of media content depends.And it is the only way advertisers are attracted to use the media content for their valuable business propositions for these right audiences. Number of programs like Pop Idol created by impressionist music maestro Simon Fuller became the most popular format for the first show on the European TV and also reached the other continents as well. The craze of the Pop idol carried Americans, Canadians and Australians as American Idol, Canadian Idol and Australian Idol followed by Spanish bonanzaOperacion Triunfo, making the Latin and South Americans also to come under their sway. Ipod, a melodic device of new generation and a complete new innovation being carried by the young and old alike in Shanghai as well as Innsbruck rapidly transferred to the new generations across the borders. It is quite true that if digital home cinema has gained so popularity in Japan then wherefore it shouldnt reach the other continents? Well, it has reached the ho mes of other continents. (Reding 2005 Online Edition)More than the spread of news, the world of music has imbibed in itself international facets in its thematic expression and lyrical notes. music has reached new dimensions in the technological advancement. According to Steiner, The totally new fact is that today any music can be heard at any time and as domestic background music. (Nesbitt 2006 103). The other programs are now more of sensational, individualist and reductionist in nature as these programs touches the heart of audiences.capital of Minnesota Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, and Hazel Gaudet studied how the voters made the decision during 1940 presidential election campaign and got their results published in paper The Peoples Choice. They found out that information did not directly reach the consciousness of the audiences rather modified and passed down by the opinion leaders, which was again passed over to lesser active associates. In 2002, Anthony Giddens, a sociologis t in the radio national broadcast made the people feel the essence of Globalization.He said, Globalization is like a code-word standing for the reconstruction of our social institutions, going all the way through from the family, gender, sexuality (because after all the changing position of women is surely a global phenomenon as much as any other one) through the economy, the restructuring of business organizations, a restructuring of the nation and government, through the restructuring of international organizations. (ORegan 2002 Online edition)The politics since last 2300 years have been influencing the communication processes in the state. But since last few centuries, the relationship between politics and media is being seen in much controversial light than it was seen in the past and it is due to the political influence and control over the content of media and thereby their indirectly control over the public opinion. The political control over media reciprocates the views of M arx who said that media is a product of notion elite wherein there is no scope of any alternative ideas.In Marxs own words, The class, which has the means of material production at its disposal, has control at the same time over the means of mental production, so that thereby, generally speaking, the ideas of those who lack the means of mental production are subject to it. (Chandler 2000 Online) Marx further stated that mass media brings to the peoples consciousness false notions and ideas making media as a product of expressions of the ruling class. Graham Murdock too emphasized that economic factors play a determining role in the domination of ruling elite over media messages.The political economists look at ideological messages as superior to the economic criteria. (Chandler 2000 Online). In the 1966 article, Stein Rokkan brought into focus the two ways of decision making in the media circle corporate system and numerical. In 1996, the whole of media was under the control of on e or the other political party. But in the last two to three decades, we have seen number of changes in the way politics is being related to Media. Globalization has touched every sphere of human commodity from increasing a sense of risk to creating uncertainty.Interconnectedness in the global sphere increased the value of the humanity as a whole and an awareness of deep understanding and tensions between Global Diaspora, national and local perception of shared out identities. (Gillespie, 1995 3). It is no doubt a global village and we are all now a part of this global village where not only individuals perception is taken into account but the perceptions of the whole in all its shades and dimensions is considered as the most virtuous and commercial proposition.REFERENCES LISTChandler, D. 2000.Media as means of production in Marxist Media Theory. Online forthcoming http//www. aber. ac. uk/media/Documents/marxism/marxism03. html 13 May 2008 Chandler, D. 2000. Media as amplifiers in Marxist Media Theory. Online Available http//www. aber. ac. uk/media/Documents/marxism/marxism05. html 13 May 2008 Downing, J. , McQuail, D. , Wartella, E. & Schlesinger P. 2004. The SAGE enchiridion of Media Studies. California, London & New Delhi SAGE Gillespie, Marie. 1995. Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change. Routledge. Hjarvard, S.2003. News Media and the Globalization of the Public Sphere. Online Available http//www. kommunikationsforum. dk/default. asp? articleid=10761 13 May 2008 Jhally Sut, P. 1990. The Codes of Advertising. Routledge. Jenks Chris, P. 2004. Urban Culture. Routledge. Johnson, P. 2004. Are the media playing politics? USATODAY. com. Online Available http//www. usatoday. com/life/columnist/mediamix/2004-10-10-media-mix_x. htm Media Studies. Audience (Adapted from Steve Bakers Media Studies website) Online Available http//www.northallertoncoll. org. uk/media/audience. htm McQuail, D. 1992. Media Performance Mass Communication and the Public Interest. Cali fornia, London & New Delhi SAGE Nesbitt, T. 2006. Global Media and cultural change. China Media Research, Chang, et, al, Intercultural Symposium on Cultural Globalization, 2(3) 103. O Regan, Mick. 2002. Media and globalisation. The Media Report. Online Available http//www. abc. net. au/rn/talks/8. 30/mediarpt/stories/s678261. htm 13 May 2008 Puustinen L. 2006. The Age of Consumer-Audience.Online Available http//209. 85. 175. 104/search? q=cacheFsxLpxbPeeQJwww. valt. helsinki. fi/comm/fi/side/WP5. pdf+The+audience+reception+theories+on+ratings+system&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=5&gl=in&ie=UTF-8 16 May 2008 Rantanen T. 2005. The Media and Globalization. 1st Edition. California, London & New Delhi SAGE Reding, V. 2005. The Media and Globalisation. European Forum Alpbach Online Available http//europa. eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction. do? reference=SPEECH/05/469&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en

Sustainable Development

sustainable beginment in southbound Asia * sustainable Development (SD) implies stinting growth unitedly with the protection of environmental quality, each reinforcing the separate. sustainable Development, thus, is maintaining a balance mingled with the human need to break life sentencestyles and feeling of well-being on one hand, and preserving native resources and ecosystems, on which we and future generations depend.The main features that exclusively the definitions have a bun in the oven are as follows * A desirable human origin a alliance that people want to sustain because it meets their needs * A enduring ecosystem condition an ecosystem that maintains its capacity to back up human life and others * A balance between confront and future generations and within the present generation. Principles Defining sustainable Development * Sustainable instruction requires the promotion of values that encourage consumption standards that are within the bounds of the ecol ogically possible and to which all can reasonably aspire. Meeting inhering needs depends in part on achieving full growth potential, and sustainable increase understandably requires economical growth in places where such needs are not being met. * Sustainable maturation must(prenominal) not endanger the natural systems that support life on Earth the atmosphere, the weewees, the soils, and living beings. * Most transmigrateable resources are part of a complex and interlinked ecosystem and maximal sustained yield must be be after taking into account system-wide effects of exploitation. Sustainable discipline requires that the rate of depletion of non-renewable resources should foreclose as few survivals as possible. * Sustainable development requires the conservation of plant and animal species. * Sustainable development requires that the adverse clashs on the quality of air, water and other natural elements are minimized so as to sustain the ecosystems overall integrity. * Two major events in the novel past have fairly lucidly articulated the sustainable development challenges and priorities for the globular community over the next decade. These include the United Nations Millennium resolution and the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) Johannesburg 2002. * Poverty eradication has been cl untimely identified as the foremost global challenge and an indispensable urgency for sustainable development particularly for the developing countries. United Nations Millennium Declaration * At the dawn of the new millennium, the United Nations worldwide Assembly reviewed sustainable development initiatives and processes around the world.Recognising the gravity and urgency of challenges, the global community committed itself to eight goals and xviii targets to be achieved by 2015. * Indicators of achievement were identified for each of the targets and responsibility entrusted to joint agencies to coordinate global efforts. * The declaration, oft en referred to as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) committed to 1. annihilate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal primary development 3. Promote gender equality and empower women 4.Reduce child mortality 5. Improve motherly wellness 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. Ensure environmental sustainability, and 8. Develop a global partnership for development World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) * The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) held at Johannesburg in September 2002 was enriched considerably by the preparatory processes of stakeholders including governments, inter-governmental agencies and civil society groups. WSSD device of writ of execution focuses on the following . Reinforcing the Millennium Development Goals, including a. Poverty eradication b. Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and production c. Protecting and managing the natural resource base of economic and social development d. Health and sustain able development 2. Sustainable development in a globalising world 3. Sustainable development in regions 4. Means of carrying out 5. Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development South Asiatic horizon on Sustainable Development Developing countries and regions need to identify their own priorities and seat concerted action with maximum self-reliance and minimal external avail to retard the poverty and environmental degradation. * Various regional and national assessments point towards quaternary broad thematic priorities for the next decade. These tend to converge with recent global mandates and commitments Eliminating Poverty and Creating Human Security Conserving the Natural Resource Endowments Securing the Economic fore change Institutional Systems Eliminating Poverty and Creating Human Security * Ensuring food security by dint of plan of attackibility, affordability and well planned sustainable food production, storage and distribution strategies. * Promoting income security through with(predicate) micro-finance and micro-enterprises as a means of hotlihood and developing effective trade and distribution links with medium and large-scale industries. farming of poor communities through inexpensive and socially acceptable technologies and practices. Enhancing energy security through improved access to reliable, affordable, economically viable, socially acceptable and environmentally sound energy services and resources. * Ensuring health security through significant investments in primary health take infrastructure and systems which are linked to referral systems in towns and cities. * Providing security from natural disasters through stop action including large-scale afforestation, rehabilitation of degraded lands, hazard resistant structures and other long term measure. * Conserving the Natural Resource EndowmentsWith almost half the land line of business in the region degraded in one form or the other the water resource base thre atened due to overexploitation and defilement cities like Mumbai and Dhaka having the dubious distinction of being among the most pollute in the world and the biodiversity under severe threat South Asia has no option but to focus seriously on conserving its natural resource endowments. * Providing water security for human consumption, including livestock and The three areas that require immediate and sustained trouble are Arresting industrial pollution Managing urbanisation Conserving biodiversity Securing the Economic Base * The long-term sustainability of the South Asian sub-region is critically dependent on a loaded and secure financial and economic base which is currently rather fragile. severally country in the sub-region has to strengthen its financial and economic systems spell also guidance on poverty eradication and survival issues. * Considerable mutual support and assistance is possible through engine room cooperation and sub-regional trade arrangements. * Promot ing Technology Cooperation * Building a Sub-regional Trading Bloc Depending on Minimal External Assistance * change Institutional Systems * All recent assessments reiterate the need for strengthened institutional systems to leave to the emerging priorities of eliminating poverty and creating human security * managing population growth and its impact conserving the natural resource endowments and securing the economic base. * Any successful effort to bring intimately sustainable development will necessarily require countries of the sub-region to establish mechanisms for formulating polity and implementing it at the relevant levels * Local National * Regional * Global * Enhance South Asian Cooperation * Asia is assuming importance in terms of its centrality to global geopolitics and * geo economics. though characterised by tensions and conflicts, the continent is also * an area of potential economic growth. South Asia is abode to a phenomenal skilled manpower. It also houses some of the largest emerging markets in the world. Such a diverse resource base can be pooled together for broader regional co operation, which in turn will engender constant peace and security in the region.Key areas of regional cooperation include Joint action on Poverty Eradication and Human Security * Sub regional administer and Economic Policies Sub regional Sharing and Management of Natural Resources Strengthening Implementation Systems SAARC Initiatives South Asian Food Bank South Asian possibility Preparedness and Management System South Asian Preferential Trade reason / South Asian Free Trade Area South Asian Technology Bank South Asian Development Bank South Asian Biodiversity Conservation Agreement South Asian Energy AllianceSustainable DevelopmentScience, Medicine and Technology What is sustainable development? Sustainable development has been defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Re port1 Sustainable development has various definitions a well-known definition is that of the Brundtland Report. According to the Brundtland Report, Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.It contains within it deuce key concepts * the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the worlds poor, to which overriding priority should be given and * the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environments ability to meet present and future needs. Sustainable development then is the ability to fulfill the current needs while not lame the ability of generations to come to fulfill their needs. What is sustainability?Sustainability is the ability of an object to renew itself so that it will always be obtainable. Sustainability means that, the object is available in the present and can continue into the future while still accessible in the future. Sustainability of the earth Sustainability, relating to the earth, means that the earth can continue producing or reproducing all its natural products which include water, food, and air all which defines our and enhances the quality of life for humans.The earth is a system and within this system are our society, economic system and environment. In order for earth to have sustainability, these three needs to work harmoniously and in equilibrium, In a quest for prosperity in all aspects of life, us human beings are simultaneously destroying the system that we depend on. Threats to the environment include * Climate change due to greenhouse gas emission * adjoin in Toxic Waste * Lack of Fresh Water * Over fishing Lack of fish (food source) * Pollution Water, Land, Air * Deforestation Extinction of rainfall forests Overpopulation (Imbalance in the ration of people and resources) * Poor land management & inappropriate agriculture & soil erosion Threats t o the thriftiness include * Industrial production and economy has decreased * Decrease in wage * Economic insecurity (due to the economy) Threats to society include * Unemployment * Starvation * Poverty * Violence How to live sustainably? In order to live sustainably, humans need to reduce 1. ) the dependence on fossil fuels and heavy metals. 2. ) the dependence on synthetic chemicals. 3. ) the destruction of Nature. . ) Insure we are not halting other humans from meeting their global needs. What is being done? A number of things by international organizations are being done from as early as 1970 to present. 1970s brought both developed, developing and underdeveloped countries was brought together, by The United Nations group discussion on the Human Environment, to discuss the rights of a human family to a well-grounded and productive environment. 1980s A World Conservation Strategy was published by the international union for the conservation of natural resources. the strategy d iscussed the importance to improve poverty before attempting to conserve nature. 1982- WCS initiative terminated with the approval of the World Charter for Nature. The Charter stated that mankind is a part of nature and life depends on the uninterrupted functioning of natural systems. 1983 the creation of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) 1984- WCED was deemed an Independent body by the United Nations General Assembly and ask to formulate A global agenda for change 1987- The WCED created a report Our common future discussed the global interdependence and the relationship between the economy and environment stating the environment does not exist as a sphere separate from human actions, ambitions, and needs, and therefore it should not be considered in closing off from human concerns. The environment is where we all live and development is what we all do in attempting to improve our lot within that abode. The two are inseparable. 1992 -First United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. 993 -The Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was established to follow-up on the implementation of Agenda 21. 1997 General Assembly devoted its nineteenth Special Session to design a strategy for the further Implementation of Agenda 21 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) was summoned to renew the global commitment to sustainable development. Bibliography DEPweb. (n. d. ). World Bank Group. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http//www. worldbank. org/depweb/english/sd. html Major Groups . .Sustainable Development noesis Platform. (n. d. ). Home . . Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http//sustainabledevelopment. un. org/majorgroups. html Sustainability Basic Information. (n. d. ). US Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http//www. epa. gov/sustainability/basicinfo. htm What is Sustainable Development?. (n. d. ). International Institute for Sustainable D evelopment (IISD). Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http//www. iisd. org/sd/Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development in South Asia * Sustainable Development (SD) implies economic growth together with the protection of environmental quality, each reinforcing the other. Sustainable Development, thus, is maintaining a balance between the human need to improve lifestyles and feeling of well-being on one hand, and preserving natural resources and ecosystems, on which we and future generations depend.The main features that all the definitions have are as follows * A desirable human condition a society that people want to sustain because it meets their needs * A enduring ecosystem condition an ecosystem that maintains its capacity to support human life and others * A balance between present and future generations and within the present generation. Principles Defining Sustainable Development * Sustainable development requires the promotion of values that encourage consumption standards that are within the bounds of the ecologically possible and to which all can reasonably aspire. Meeting essential needs depends in part on achieving full growth potential, and sustainable development clearly requires economic growth in places where such needs are not being met. * Sustainable development must not endanger the natural systems that support life on Earth the atmosphere, the waters, the soils, and living beings. * Most renewable resources are part of a complex and interlinked ecosystem and maximal sustained yield must be defined after taking into account system-wide effects of exploitation. Sustainable development requires that the rate of depletion of non-renewable resources should foreclose as few options as possible. * Sustainable development requires the conservation of plant and animal species. * Sustainable development requires that the adverse impacts on the quality of air, water and other natural elements are minimized so as to sustain the ecosystems overall int egrity. * Two major events in the recent past have fairly lucidly articulated the sustainable development challenges and priorities for the global community over the next decade. These include the United Nations Millennium Declaration and the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) Johannesburg 2002. * Poverty eradication has been clearly identified as the foremost global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development particularly for the developing countries. United Nations Millennium Declaration * At the dawn of the new millennium, the United Nations General Assembly reviewed sustainable development initiatives and processes around the world.Recognising the gravity and urgency of challenges, the global community committed itself to eight goals and eighteen targets to be achieved by 2015. * Indicators of achievement were identified for each of the targets and responsibility entrusted to multilateral agencies to coordinate global efforts. * The declara tion, often referred to as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) committed to 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Promote gender equality and empower women 4.Reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. Ensure environmental sustainability, and 8. Develop a global partnership for development World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) * The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) held at Johannesburg in September 2002 was enriched considerably by the preparatory processes of stakeholders including governments, inter-governmental agencies and civil society groups. WSSD Plan of Implementation focuses on the following . Reinforcing the Millennium Development Goals, including a. Poverty eradication b. Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and production c. Protecting and managing the natural resource base of economic and social development d. Health and sustainable d evelopment 2. Sustainable development in a globalising world 3. Sustainable development in regions 4. Means of Implementation 5. Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development South Asian Perspective on Sustainable Development Developing countries and regions need to identify their own priorities and initiate concerted action with maximum self-reliance and minimal external assistance to retard the poverty and environmental degradation. * Various regional and national assessments point towards four broad thematic priorities for the next decade. These tend to converge with recent global mandates and commitments Eliminating Poverty and Creating Human Security Conserving the Natural Resource Endowments Securing the Economic Base Strengthening Institutional Systems Eliminating Poverty and Creating Human Security * Ensuring food security through accessibility, affordability and well planned sustainable food production, storage and distribution strategies. * Promoting income secur ity through micro-finance and micro-enterprises as a means of livelihood and developing effective marketing and distribution links with medium and large-scale industries. farming of poor communities through affordable and socially acceptable technologies and practices. Enhancing energy security through improved access to reliable, affordable, economically viable, socially acceptable and environmentally sound energy services and resources. * Ensuring health security through significant investments in primary health care infrastructure and systems which are linked to referral systems in towns and cities. * Providing security from natural disasters through preventive action including large-scale afforestation, rehabilitation of degraded lands, hazard resistant structures and other long term measure. * Conserving the Natural Resource EndowmentsWith almost half the land area in the region degraded in one form or the other the water resource base threatened due to overexploitation and pol lution cities like Mumbai and Dhaka having the dubious distinction of being among the most polluted in the world and the biodiversity under severe threat South Asia has no option but to focus seriously on conserving its natural resource endowments. * Providing water security for human consumption, including livestock and The three areas that require immediate and sustained attention are Arresting industrial pollution Managing urbanisation Conserving biodiversity Securing the Economic Base * The long-term sustainability of the South Asian sub-region is critically dependent on a firm and secure financial and economic base which is currently rather fragile. Each country in the sub-region has to strengthen its financial and economic systems while also focussing on poverty eradication and survival issues. * Considerable mutual support and assistance is possible through technology cooperation and sub-regional trade arrangements. * Promoting Technology Cooperation * Building a Sub-region al Trading Bloc Depending on Minimal External Assistance * Strengthening Institutional Systems * All recent assessments reiterate the need for strengthened institutional systems to cater to the emerging priorities of eliminating poverty and creating human security * managing population growth and its impact conserving the natural resource endowments and securing the economic base. * Any successful effort to bring about sustainable development will necessarily require countries of the sub-region to establish mechanisms for formulating policy and implementing it at the relevant levels * Local National * Regional * Global * Enhance South Asian Cooperation * Asia is assuming importance in terms of its centrality to global geopolitics and * geo economics. Though characterised by tensions and conflicts, the continent is also * an area of potential economic growth. South Asia is home to a phenomenal skilled manpower. It also houses some of the largest emerging markets in the world. Suc h a diverse resource base can be pooled together for broader regional co operation, which in turn will engender durable peace and security in the region.Key areas of regional cooperation include Joint action on Poverty Eradication and Human Security * Sub regional Trade and Economic Policies Sub regional Sharing and Management of Natural Resources Strengthening Implementation Systems SAARC Initiatives South Asian Food Bank South Asian Disaster Preparedness and Management System South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement / South Asian Free Trade Area South Asian Technology Bank South Asian Development Bank South Asian Biodiversity Conservation Agreement South Asian Energy Alliance

Change Management in the Learning Organization Essay

In this paper I intend to discuss change management approaches that support the learning presidential term philosophy. The learning institution is defined as an organization that acquires fellowship and innovates fast enough to survive and thrive in a rapidly changing environment. discipline organizations (1) create a culture that encourages and supports continuous employee learning, critical thinking, and risk taking with peeled ideas, (2) allow mistakes, and value employee contributions, (3) learn from experience and experiment, and (4) disseminate the new knowledge throughout the organization for incorporation into day-to-day activities. On the other hand we have a process called change management which is defined as minimizing protection to organizational change through involvement of key players and stakeholders. At my organization these two go hand in hand and it allows for us as a company to experience constant growth and development of our staff. Our employees are more willing to welcome change when we train them in the process.As businesses moves through the twenty-first century, they are becoming more dependent upon their managers to be change agents. These companies actually seek managers who can bring success to their organizations. Three of the characteristics we look for in our new managers are they must have the ability to stimulate change, excellent planning capabilities, and ethics.Over the years I have spent in management I have learned that success inbecoming a learning organization relies on a commitment to learning on the part of the organizations I have scated for and the willingness of the individuals involved to be receptive to the change process. As a manager, what we usually can change falls into basically three categories people, structure, or technology. An competent manager will make alterations in these areas in an attempt to facilitate change. With people the change involves queue uping attitudes, expectations, perception s, and probably most importantly behavior. Coaching people to adjust in these areas will help employees within the organization to work together more effectively. Changing structure relates to the job design, specialization, hierarchy and any other structural variables.These usually need to be flexible and non-static in order to be adaptable to change. When dealing with technological change we are looking at modifying work processes and methods along with the introduction of new equipment. To me learning organizations support the change process just as much as change management supports the learning organization philosophy. I say that because every change calls for some sort of learning as the more comprehensive the change the more attention we have to signal on learning for the individuals involved in the change. By utilizing the learning organizations philosophies companies including the one I work for are able to magnify the potential of its employees which keeps them growing.R eferenceswww.businessdictionary.comwww.morfconsulting.comLearning in action a guide to putting the learning organization to work/ David A. Garvin

Education and Teacher Essay

The word teacher does the profession no service. A teacher is very a combination of the most important professions in the world. Besides the parents, an educator is the biggest influence in a childs life. The age spoil in which children are in discipline is the most impression equal to(p) years of their lives. A students educational experience can mold the events of his or her future. That is why I penury to become a teacher. I postulate to be a mold for younger generations, and I hope for students to remember a knowledgeable and ethical teacher. Beliefs I feel the student should come to civilise willing to learn and the teacher should come ready to teachThe students role is just as important as the teachers the students expectations of the teacher should be for her to teach and help them learn at all times. Teachers similarly play an important role in the classroom when it comes to the environment. If the teacher prepares a warm, happy environment, students are more likely to be happy. An environment set by the teacher can be either good or mischievous. If students feel the teacher is angry, students may react badly to that and therefore reading can be harder. I think teachers are responsible for the social behavior in their classrooms.This behavior is primarily a reflection of the teachers actions and the environment he/she sets. Metaphysics We are all here for a purpose and I believe that, that is to live for God and follow his way of life. It is hard to know what you are really on earth for until you find it through him Some teachers will find it hard to keep the focus on the classroom do to all the some other outside distractions but, I strongly believe that is you were meant to be a teacher then you will find a way to look past the bad and find the good. Why am I here? I think I am here to help children follow their dreams and make it through school easier than I did.When I become a teacher I want to be the best ever I want to see that smile on the kids faces after I teach them something amazing. Progressivism I want to teach from some aspects of the progressivism style which focuses on obedience for individuality, high regard for science, and learning from experience. I want to teach the children in my classroom to have respect for each other. This is a quality that will help them to be successful in society because if they respect others, then others will have respect for them. Having respect for others also proves that they have respect for themselves.I also want children to learn by hands-on activities. I will direct them from step to step and demonstrate how to do each step in the activities they perform. These activities make learning more interesting for the children because the children are able to abide involved instead of just always watching the teacher do everything. Speaking of the children getting involved, they can really get involved when learning in a different atmosphere when on field trips. I feel tak ing children on field trips is an effective learning experience for them because it allows children to get out of the classroom setting and learn from a different perspective.In addition I want to focus on sciences because they are an important heavens in the knowledge of children. I think this growing area of our society should be focused on thoroughly because science advances and improves every day and I feel children should be aware of their changing world. Constructivism I feel like this is the main reason why I should teach and why I want to teach, I have learned so much though school and it has molded me to become who I am today. I learn a pot through experience and what I know will make me a better teacher it will help me relate to the ones that hate school or the ones that think they cant do it.Its all a process and the way you take the steps is how I think you will show others so you have to help them with their process and make sure that it doesnt go bad or in the wrong direction. I plan to brood my education so that I may make teaching my profession. After graduation, I hope to find a position in an elementary school teaching in one of the first through sixth grade classes. I feel that elementary education is extremely important because it is here that children tack their foundation for the rest of the educational career. My goal and desires are to have the opportunity to touch a childs life.

Explore how Tommo and Charlie’s relationship develops over the course of the novel Essay

Over year 8 I swallow been reading private peaceful, the book by Michel Morpurgo. In the story the maid character is a boy called Tommo who has an older brother called Charlie and another one called Big Joe along with their mother. Tommo looks up to Charlie and them always look out for each other. When Tommo goes to school he ground makes a friend at school called Molly and both Charlie and Tommo fall in love with her. afterward I the book Molly give birth to a beautiful, bouncing baby boy whose mystify is Charlie and Tommo wished he could let out a secret that he has kept since his father sadly passed away.In this essay I will be writing about Tommo and Charlies blood and why Tommo believes he lives in Charlies glow during the story. The first part of Tommo and Charlies relationship I am handout to concentrate on is when they were at school. Tommo looks up to Charlie as a father or the man of the hall further also because Charlie always looks out for Tommo one example of th is is when they were in the school yard Tommo got in a fight and Charlie took over and for his punishment him and jimmy pearsons got the cane jimmy kept crying Ow, sir Ow, sir Ow. Sir but when it was chalies turn all we hear are the whacks, and then the silences between this is one of the reasons why I have the bravest brother in the world.When Tommo first met molly he and molly had a very strong relationship and they still did when Charlie got friendly with her but as molly was two years older than him and Charlie was older by three they always ran faster than i did. And sometimes I felt like they wanted to be without me I was feeling miserable and abandoned soon this all got worse when Tommo finds out Charlie was in a relationship with molly. I was so filled with anger and resentment towards him that I never wanted to accost to him again, nor to molly come to that. Tommo by now is probably thinking what would Charlie so that to me? The one lad I look up to I cannot trust anymore he knows I love molly so why did he do this?

Creativity in Critical Thinking Essay

In the wellness lot profession, the skills, and abilities to think critically are an essential comp cardinalnt of professional account faculty and quality care. In order to manage the complexity of the locomote environment, and patient care issues, critical thought process will enable nurses think more effectively, and work through challenges to achieve the best possible results. There are many ways critical thinking can be used in nursing profession. precise thinkers in nursing, demonstrate habits of the mind accommodate flexibility, creativity, inquisitiveness, intellectual integrity, intuition, open-mindedness, perseverance, and reflection to manage complex matters in the health care arena (Rubenfeld, Scheffer, 2010). Nurses use creativity, one of the habits of mind in critical thinking to educate their patients. Example of Creative persuasion in long-suffering Education To provide safe care to the patients, nurses must(prenominal) utilize critical thinking abilities in t he assessment of patient issues, the planning of care, and the implementation of care.Careful examination of all the aspects of patient care helps the nurse to fulfil a better outcome imparting education for the patient. When providing education or information to a patient, the nurses take in yeasty thinking, by using the counseling dialogues help the patient raise questions of why, how, and who. The nurses guide patients through identifying, and exploring the problem, lead the patients choices, choose a plan of action, and evaluate the results (Ranklin, 2005). For example, reducing impresss in the yard bird unit.Fall hazard assessment is a key safety issue in many inpatients. Identifying the risk for fall on patient admission, and implementing measures and reevaluate the patient is essential to observe falls on the unit. still educating the patient and families is a necessary step in preventing patient falls. Evaluation of an Example of Creative Thinking The presented exa mple is a way of creative thinking to impart education to the patients. Firstly, visual observation of the at-risk patients helps the staff, patients, and families to prevent falls.Identification tools on the doors, at the bedside, yellow socks, and falls band on the arms enable the health care professionals to target implementation of fall prevention to the patients. The sign at the bedside which says, Please call, do not fall, and the bed timidity reminds the patients and their families that, they are at risk for falling. Participating communication with other health care personals regarding fall risk in a regular shift report, and creating visual cues in the patients rooms, alarm the nurses and other health care professionals to prevent patients getting harm from falling.Justification of Creativity in Critical Thinking Creative thinking helps the nursing professionals identify biological, behavioral and environmental risk factors. Patient fall is preventable by implementing effe ctive, and creative fall prevention programs, and thus help the patients live better. Creative thinkers must have knowledge of the clinical problem. They should have the ability of assessing the present problem, and be knowledgeable about the rudimentary cause, and be able to overcome the situation.Creativity in critical thinking boosts the nurses ability to modify, and expand the existing knowledge in patient related situations. In creative thinking, health care professionals take initiative, examine strategies to use, and recognize the consequences of strategies, and make the decision. Creative thinking remains a key factor for individualized client care. In that nurse identifies the specific need of each patient, and makes interventions specific to those needs.Without creative thinking, nursing care would become consistent and routine. There is a strong relationship between critical and creative thinking. In order to provide education to the needy clients, nurses needs to utili ze critical intelligence and to be a critical thinker (Daniels, 2004). Hence, hospitalized patients need an individual assessment when educating them. It is important that, nurse must gather up to utilize critical thinking skills natural way when providing care to the patients.

Problem solution essay about teenage pregnacy Essay

The teenage motherliness rate for 1997 rose all told the way up to 62.7 percent, this was the senior high schoolest it has been in years When I first axiom this fact I knew something would have to be done about it. This high pregnancy rate in teenagers is in fact a major problem, because teenagers ar not responsible copious to raise a baby. There are many possible solutions to thwart teenage pregnancy like discouraging archeozoic dating, abstinence, and using stick out control and condoms. Although there are all these possible solutions the pregnancy rate is dumb very high. So we need to evaluate the possible solutions and pick the best one to grow on to help lower the teenage pregnancy rate.What has caused the teenage pregnancy rate to pay off so high? One condition for such a high rate is the solutions people suggest that teenagers use to proceed getting pregnant. Society tells teenagers over and over these solutions that are simply unacceptable to most teenagers. Also the pretermit of information on pregnancy also causes this higher rate, because teenage girls are not informed enough about how hard being pregnant really is. Most teenagers are smart enough to recognize that if they engage in having sexual intercourse they have the chance of getting pregnant. They do not make believe how big of a life altering change having a baby is though.Possible solutions to help prevent pregnancy are discouraging early dating, abstinence, and using birth control and condoms. Although there are all these solutions not all of them are really reasonable to teenagers. Such as discouraging early dating, the reason this solution does not work is because if a parent tells their teenagers they cannot date they will still do it bed their back. And the reason that abstinence is really not a good solution is because sometime or some other a teenager is going to try having sex no matter what their parents tell them. Abstinence is like telling a little kid not to try candy.Teenagers undergo too much catch pressure to avoid having intercourse one time or another through their teenage years. So really the only good solution to help prevent teenage pregnancy is using birth control and condoms. The reason this solution is better than the rest is because it takes away almost all the chance of go pregnant there is. Even if the teenager is having intercourse if the girl is taking birthcontrol and if the son is using condoms there is a very little chance that becoming pregnant is possible.The way to get more teenagers using birth control and condoms is to inform them about how effective they really are and how healthy they will work for them if the decide on having sexual intercourse. Birth control is 98 percent effective and so are condoms, so putting the two protections together is super effective. Teenagers need to know how easy they can become pregnant and they also need to know how hard having a baby would be.The solutions are not drastic. Di scouraging early dating and abstinence are some solutions that are not highly effective and the main solution to help prevent pregnancy is using birth control and condoms as long as we get this solution out to the kids and inform them about these methods of protection. The pregnancy rate in teenagers is much to high so these solutions need to start being carried out so this rate is let down drastically. Most teenagers really do not understand how big of a life change they will undergo if pregnancy enters their life.

Study Guide, Principles of Marketing

Module Study Guide Taylors University Undergraduate line of work Programs BUS2304 Principles of visageeting August Semester 2012 BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF market paginate 1 tutorial 1 INTRODUCTION TO merchandising incisionation ACTIVITIES ? ? ? Module Information Booklet will be discussed and explained in detail Form groupings Tutorial exercises Introducing the basics concepts of merchandising schooling OUTCOMES ? ? ? Understand key merchandise concepts and marketing management philosophies used in marketing planning Understand the sizeableness of marketing in business practices Understand the concept of the marketing experienceDiscussion questions 1. What is the approximately amazing marketing experience you name ever had? ? Was it an individual employee or a business processes? ? portray a stain in which you became a lost customer. Was it because of poor crossway quality, poor proceeds quality or both? Using the concept of consumer need to identify markets What is Nat ional Expresss mathematical product? What market (need) does it serve? Who are their direct competitors? What are the potential substitutes? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF merchandise knave 2 What is their product?What markets do they serve? Who are their competitors? What rising markets readiness they exploit? Journal Article Theodore Levitts merchandiseing Myopia (1960) Students to understand the concept of marketing myopia and the dangers that defining their products and markets too narrowly might pose for an organization. What is Cellular One selling? What marketing management philosophy do you see in evidence? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 3 Is there anything that cant or shouldnt be marketed? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETINGPage 4 tutorial 2 MARKETING ENVIRONMENT CLASS ACTIVITIES ? ? Group activity Discussion questions LEARNING OUTCOME ? ? ? develop how changes in the marketing environment can effect marketing activities advert the disparate micro environmental factors order the contrary macro environmental factors tutorial ACTIVITIES Discussion questions 1. What are some of the cultural differences that you train sight when you lived or travelled abroad? ? What were some of the similarities/ differences that you observed? To what extent should cultural differences be considered in planetary marketing? 2. Imagine a company that is considering changing its product line to become more environmentally friendly, which might increase costs. Use the six major forces of the macroenvironment and list pros and cons that the company should yield into consideration originally reservation its final decision. Group Activity In a group Bring broadsheet newspapers. Mark/highlight articles relating to Macro and Micro environment. Explain. Refer to examples shown by your tutor.BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 5 TUTORIAL 3 CONSUMER BEHAVIOR 1 CLASS ACTIVITIES ? ? Discussion Questions Group activity LEARNING OUTCOME ? ? ? ? secern the different charac teristics that influence consumer behavior Differentiate the different types of buying behavior differentiate the different stages in a buyer decisions process and apply different marketing strategies to stimulate interest / purchase in these stages Identify the different macro environmental factors TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Discussion questions Could KFC use this ad outside Asia?BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 6 Group Activity Activity 1 Examine Maslows 5 stage pecking order of needs model. Go through the advertisements in your national and local newspapers, magazines etc to see if you can identify and earn at least 1 advertisement which focuses on all(prenominal) of those stages, from physiological (biogenic) through to self actualization (psychogenic). Also consider TV acquits and websites. Print out examples if you can. Activity 2 Consider two purchases you have made recently e. g. soft drink (limited problem solving) and a car, holiday, computer or a degree course. (exte nded or involved problem solving). Examine in each case how the decision making process model outlined above may have differed. Here you may consider large(p) particular attention to the evoked set and post cognitive dissonance. Does your experience differ from the accepted surmisal? If so why do you call up this may be? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 7 TUTORIAL 4 CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR 2 CLASS ACTIVITIES ? ? Discussion Questions Group activity LEARNING OUTCOME ? ? ? Identify the different characteristics that influence consumer behavior Differentiate the different types of buying behavior Identify the different stages in a buyer decisions process and apply different marketing strategies to stimulate interest / purchase in these stages Identify the different macro environmental factors TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Discussion questions 1. Would the marketers at Mercedes be pleased if the passenger vehicle of a sporting team or the head teacher at a primary give instruction purchased an A-Class? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 8Group Activity mixer academic degree classification The UK Office of National Statistics (ONS) produced a new socio-economic classification in 2001. The reason was to provide a more comprehensive and detailed classification to take newer employment patterns into account. Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Description Higher Professional and Managerial workers Lower Managerial and Professional workers Intermediate occupations Lower supervisory and technical Semi Routine Occupations Routine Occupations Long term unemployed A B year C1 and C2 C1 and C2 D D E Small Employers and non professional self-employed C1 and C2Many commercial market research programmes have found significant differences in buying behaviour between the various social grades. The Market enquiry Society argues that this system can be justified as it is easy to research and that the social grade appears to be a reasonably good discriminator in many product markets profiled in MI NTEL reports. Social grade reflects lifestyle patterns and is used widely by advertisers while profiling consumers. Questions a. To what extent do you think that social class is a helpful concept in improving the marketers apprehension of consumer behaviour. . What do you the major criticisms to the social grade system are? c. Consider the following occupations and allocate a social grade to them i. Student ii. Chartered Accountant iii. Bricklayer with City Council iv. A fend forpacker v. A retired supportary on state benefits vi. A High Court Judge BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 9 vii. viii. ix. x. xi. xii. A self employed plumber. Teacher aged 23 (qualified) Teacher aged 32 (qualified) Retired employee, company pension Shop Assistant Unemployed farm workerBUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 10 TUTORIAL 5 SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND aligning CLASS ACTIVITIES ? ? ? Watch the ikon LoReal Percier Discuss questions Mini case discourse LEARNING OUTCOME ? ? Identify the dif ferent bases for segmenting consumers and business markets. Evaluate market segments, select market segments and choose market coverage strategies TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Discussion questions 1. What is the basic rationale for segmentation? 2. What are some of the common variables used to segment a market? 3.What are the requirements for effective segmentation? 4. What is the difference between segmentation and fannying? Group Discussion Market segmentation is built around identifying differences in needs between different groups of customers. How could a bank segment its consumer market? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 11 Video LOreal Watch the LOreal Percier video a) Who is the can market for the product? b) What bases for segmentation has LOreal used? (Consider the grandeur of geographic, demographic, behavioral and psychographic) pack Tasty Bite flood tide to America (Textbook page 133) Discuss the segmentation, targeting and positioning steps that Tasty Bite has taken in ingress the US market. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 12 TUTORIAL 6 PRODUCT AND SERVICES STRATEGY 1 CLASS ACTIVITIES ? ? ? Identifying slogans for brands Group activity Mini case LEARNING OUTCOME ? ? ? Identify different product / services and their classifications separate the importance of branding, packaging and labeling a product Suggest product line and product mix strategies for product / service TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES . Brand Association & Slogans. Identify the brand name for each of the following slogan/phrase. How many slogans/phrases did you identify? 2. Brand 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Slogan Impossible is Nothing The worlds local bank Its the real thing The world leader in oral care. The most powerful alkaline stamp battery in the world. Take power to the next level. Share moments. Share life. Because Im worth it. Awaken your senses. Connecting people. The choice of a new generation. There are some things money cant buy. For everything else, theres p roduct name.Dont leave home without it The ultimate driving machine The happiest place on earth Put a tiger in your tank The power of dreams Page 13 BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING 18 19 20 Melts in your mouth, not in your hands Just do it Give me a break memorialise Pepsi Sakes bubble with limited edition soft drinks (Textbook page 334) Read case 11. 2 (Textbook page 334) and closure the discussion questions. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 14 TUTORIAL 7 PRODUCT AND SERVICES STRATEGY 2 CLASS ACTIVITIES ? ? Group activity instance Study New Belgium Brews up strong brand virtue LEARNING OUTCOME ? ? ?Identify different product / services and their classifications Recognize the importance of branding, packaging and labeling a product Suggest product line and product mix strategies for product / service TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES 1. Group Activity Who am I? a. Select a product category mobile phones, computers, cars etc. b. cerebrate and list all competing brands within that catego ry. c. Each group is allocated a brand and brands must be highly differentiated. d. Each group must humanise their brand Am I fe staminate or male? How old am I? What level am I educated to? What colour is my hair?Do I have hair? What is my nationality? What is my occupation? Do I work? What type of clothes do I wear? Where do I go on holidays? What are my hobbies? Am I conjoin or single? Do I have children? What type of car do I taunt? Do I have a car? Do I own a dramaturgy/flat? Where do I live? e. Each group to present their brand personality back to the class. 2. Read case 13. 1 (Textbook page 390) and answer the discussion questions. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 15 TUTORIAL 8 PRICING STRATEGIES CLASS ACTIVITIES ? ? ? Case study Discuss questions Presenting and harbouring pricing decisionsLEARNING OUTCOME ? ? ? Recognize the importance of importance of considering internal and external factors when setting final price for products/services Identify the different pric ing strategies Know the format of the examination and have a guide to revise and preparing for the examination. TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES 1. Read the Case study Plug & Sons. 2. In your group discuss your strategy. 3. Each group is to present and defend their strategy and challenge others to draw attention to ? ? ? The importance of defining the target market and positioning whos going to buy this and why?This is a decision that the students will have to make, as no target market has been identified. The tendency of marketers to compete on value rather than price. Marketers usually try and charge as much as possible for products The way theory such as customer price dynamics can be used to structure and analyse and build a coherent argument BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 16 TUTORIAL 9 DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES CLASS ACTIVITIES ? ? ? ? Read the case Dell charge and not so Direct Discussion Questions Discussing FedEx based on www. fedex. comLEARNING OUTCOME ? ? ? ? Recognize the impor tance of marketing channels in marketing activities Explain the different levels in a marketing channel Explain the main considerations in a marketing channel Discuss the different ways in managing channel members TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Activity 1 Visit www. fedex. com Many companies lack their own distribution systems. firms in this situation may rely upon the service provided by companies such as FedEx to handle their distribution. 1. What tools does FedEx provide to make conveyance process easier? 2.Other than shipping products, what other services does FedEx provide? 3. Is there information on FedEx website that would help a potential FedEx customer to evaluate FedEx regarding some of the selection criteria shown in Table 14. 3 in the casebook? Activity 2 Dell Direct and not so Direct Read case 14. 2 on page 342 and answer discussion questions 1, 2 and 3. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 17 TUTORIAL 10 PROMOTION STRATEGIES 1 CLASS ACTIVITIES ? ? ? Video Mercedes Benz Case stu dy At Southwesr airlines, We Love Your Bags Discussion Questions LEARNING OUTCOME ? Recognize the difference between conventional promotional practices and the IMC concept Recognize the growth and importance of the IMC concept TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Video Mercedes Benz. Watch the two videos on Mercedes Benz. 1. What is the objective that Mercedes is trying to achieve? 2. What appeals have they used in their advertising strategy? 3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using such a strategy. At southwestern Airlines, We Love Your Bags Case 16. 2 , Text book page 500. Answer discussion question 1 to 3. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 18 TUTORIAL 11 PROMOTION STRATEGIES 2 CLASS ACTIVITIES ? Watch video Earth Hour Discussion LEARNING OUTCOME ? ? Recognize the difference between conventional promotional practices and the IMC concept Recognize the growth and importance of the IMC concept TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES 1. Watch the different videos of Earth Hour. 2. found on the different videos you have watched, what are the different types of promotion being used for the campaign? 3. Who is one target audience for Earth Hour? Based on the target group you have defined, select one product that caters to this segment that participated in Earth Hour? 4. Do profit and non-profit organizations use the alike promotional tools?Give examples. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 19 TUTORIAL 12 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND MARKETING ETHICS CLASS ACTIVITIES ? ? Case At Timberland , Doing Well and Doing Good are Laced unitedly Discuss questions LEARNING OUTCOME ? ? ? To understand the concept and dimensions of social obligation To define and describe the importance of marketing ethics To understand the role of social responsibility and ethics in improving marketing performance TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES 1. What is social responsibility? Why is it important? 2. What are some social responsibility issues? Give an example of each. 3.What is the difference between ethics and social res ponsibility? 4. Read Strategic Case 8 At Timberland, Doing Well and Doing Good are Laced Together. Answer questions 1 to 4. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 20 TUTORIAL 13 ONLINE FORUM AND DISCUSSION EXAMINATION FORMAT CLASS ACTIVITIES ? ? Online forum and discussion E-Learning week LEARNING OUTCOME ? ? Know the format of the examination and have a guide to revising and preparing for the examination. Discuss different techniques for answering examination questions TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Students participate online in a forum and discussion. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 21